Note - this glossary was published to the Trent Radio website in 1997, and remains online solely for historical interest. -- rjh
CRTC - Glossary of Radio Terms 1. The Broadcast Week 2. Definitions Of Content Categories and Subcategories CATEGORY 1 , Spoken Word 11: News 12: Spoken Word - Other CATEGORY 2 , Music-General 21: Pop, Rock and Dance 22: Country and Country-oriented 23: Folk-oriented 24: Jazz-oriented CATEGORY 3 , Music-Traditional and Special Interest 31: Concert Music 32: Folk, Authentic traditional folk songs and dances. 33: Jazz, Authentic jazz 34: Non-classic Religious CATEGORY 4 , Musical Production 41: Musical Themes, Bridges and Stingers 42: Technical Tests 43: Musical Station Identification 44: Musical Identification of Announcers & Programs 45: Musical Promotion of Announcers & Programs CATEGORY 5, Advertising 51: Commercial Announcement 52: Sponsor Identification 53: Promotion with Sponsor Mention 3. Guidelines For The Provision of News Programming 4. Spoken Word Programming Requirement 5. Advertising 6. Station Formats GROUP I: Pop, Rock and Dance GROUP II: Country GROUP III: Specialty 7. Music Use Indicators a) Vocal/Instrumental Ratio b) Hits c) Maximum Repeat Factor d) Weekly Music List e) Language Of Vocal Music 8. Canadian Content Requirements For Music a) Definition b) Levels Of Canadian Music 9. Ethnic Programs a) Definitions Of Ethnic Program Types b) Levels Of Ethnic Programs 10. Network And Syndicated Programs a) Definitions i) Reserved Time Agreement ii) Simultaneous Distribution of Live Programs b) Canadian Acquired Programming Incentive i) Music Programs ii) Spoken Word Programs 11. Canadian Talent Development 12. New Uncharted Canadian Music 13. Community Access Programming 14. Types Of FM Licences CBC FM Stations Commercial FM Stations Special FM Stations Community Native Undertaking Provincial Educational Student Institutional Other Special APPENDIX - Canadian Talent Development Initiatives 1. The Broadcast Week The Broadcast Week means seven consecutive days beginning on Sunday. It includes the hours between 6 a.m. and midnight each day but not the hours between midnight and 6 a.m. The total number of hours in a broadcast week is 126. 2. Definitions Of Content Categories and Subcategories CATEGORY 1 , Spoken Word
This category includes the following two subcategories: Subcategory 11: News , The recounting and reporting of local, regional, national and international events of the day or recent days, with particular emphasis on the topicality of the events or situations selected, or on the constant updating of information, or both, as well as background material about current events when included in newscasts but excluding weather, traffic and sports and entertainment reports. [Interpretive Note: The revised FM policy states that all FM stations must provide at least three hours per week of News. The purpose of this expectation is to ensure that all FM stations continue to include newscasts as part of the service they provide to listeners. A separate subcategory for News has been retained to give effect to this expectation. The inclusion of the term "backgrounding" in the definition of News is meant to encourage provision of background information and analysis within newscasts. However, lengthy interviews and commentaries, even if inspired by current events, which are broadcast outside newscasts (for example during documentaries or magazine programs) will generally be classified as Subcategory 12 (Spoken Word - Other).] Subcategory 12: Spoken Word - Other , All programming with the exception of material falling under Subcategory 11: News and Categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 (Music-General, Music-Traditional and Special Interest, Musical Production, and Advertising). CATEGORY 2 , Music-General
Live or recorded entertainment music of one minute in length or more, broadcast uninterrupted, extending from the advent of mass-produced recordings to the latest hits as defined in charts of recognised trade publications, including popular songs and compositions that fall under the headings "pop", "country and western", "rhythm and blues", "dance", "rock", "easy listening", "middle-of-the-road", "beautiful music", "mood", and "mainly for dancing"; popularised arrangements of classical music, jazz or authentic folksongs, music written and performed in a folk idiom by present-day artists; which may include songs of protest and/or of political and/or social comment, humorous and satirical songs, chansonniers and chansonnettes, English music hall and North American vaudeville; individual excerpts from works from the musical stage, non- religious Christmas songs, popular music for films and television; and popularisations of folk idioms, such as Latin American, Hawaiian and Calypso. For greater particularity the category includes the following four subcategories: Subcategory 21: Pop, Rock and Dance , This subcategory includes music from the entire pop, rock and dance music spectrum. This music includes styles generally described as "easy listening", "beautiful music", "pop adult", "soft rock", "dance", "rock and roll", "rhythm and blues", "jazz rock", "folk rock" and "heavy metal", as well as all other forms of music generally referred to as either MOR (middle- of-the-road) or rock. This subcategory includes musical selections listed in recognised trade publications as AC (Adult Contemporary), AOR (Album-Oriented Rock) or Dance. Subcategory 22: Country and Country-oriented , This subcategory ranges from "country and western" and "bluegrass" to "Nashville" and "country-pop" styles and other music forms generally characterised as country, including musical selections listed in recognised trade publications as Country. Subcategory 23: Folk-oriented , This subcategory includes music in a folk style composed by the troubadours and chansonniers of our time, popular arrangements of authentic folksongs, and popularisations of folk idioms. Subcategory 24: Jazz-oriented , Music sung or played in a popular style by performers with a jazz background, including "cocktail" jazz and jazz improvisation when presented against a popularised orchestral background, but not including jazz-rock, falling under Subcategory 21. CATEGORY 3 , Music-Traditional and Special Interest
Music of one minute or more in length, broadcast uninterrupted, characterised as traditional authentic songs and dances of the people, institutionalised music of religious faiths, "classical" music, authentic improvised jazz, and extended excerpts from popular musical theatre. For greater particularity, this category includes the following four subcategories: Subcategory 31: Concert Music , This subcategory includes: "classical", music which embodies standards of form, structure and taste, established by artists through the centuries, as a means to communicate complex thoughts in the most coherent way, including music by a contemporary composer when it utilises entirely or in modified form those established standards, but not including orchestrations of the entertainment music of our time, however classical in form; "opera, operetta and musical", including grand opera, comic opera, music drama, narrative musical plays, operettas and extended dramatic excerpts of popular musical theatre, when performed in a full-cast version. Subcategory 32: Folk , Authentic traditional folk songs and dances. Subcategory 33: Jazz , Authentic jazz containing a large element of improvisation, including early blues and gospel shouts, ragtime, Dixieland, authentic early swing including early, golden age (late 30s - 40s) and modern, bebop and "cool" jazz, Modern, Avant-Garde, Contemporary Jazz Fusion, New European, Afro/New World and contemporary jazz experiments, but not including jazz-rock, falling under Subcategory 21. Subcategory 34: Non-classic Religious , Music of the church or of religious faiths, other than in a classical form, or occurring in the course of a ritual service or other form of public worship, or having a jazz character. CATEGORY 4 , Musical Production Musical matter broadcast by a station to identify itself or any of the components of its programming, including musical linking devices used to highlight elements of the broadcast service. For greater particularity, this category includes the following five subcategories: Subcategory 41: Musical Themes, Bridges and Stingers , Musical selections used to identify particular program segments, or to extend programming segments to the end of their allotted time, as well as applause, brief musical and other sound effects intended to punctuate the presentation of other broadcast matter, where this matter is less than one minute in duration. Subcategory 42: Technical Tests , Broadcast matter intended to be used for the purposes of technical tests by the station or its listeners. Subcategory 43: Musical Station Identification , Short musical selections designed to identify the station by call letters or frequency. Subcategory 44: Musical Identification of Announcers, Programs , Musical material identifying and accompanying the use of specific announcers, programs or programming elements. Subcategory 45: Musical Promotion of Announcers, Programs , Musical material promoting increased listening to specific announcers, programs or programming elements. CATEGORY 5, Advertising
Broadcast matter intended to promote services or products offered to the public by persons normally advertising in the course of their business. For greater particularity, this category includes the following three subcategories: Subcategory 51: Commercial Announcement , A commercial announcement for a business, product or service, presented in return for consideration. Subcategory 52: Sponsor Identification , Identification of the sponsor of a program or program segment other than under Subcategories 51 and 53. Subcategory 53: Promotion with Sponsor Mention , Verbal or musical material promoting increased listening to the station or to specific announcers, programs or programming elements, when accompanied by the identification of a sponsor. 3. Guidelines For The Provision of News Programming FM stations should devote not less than three hours of each broadcast week to Subcategory 11: News. 4. Spoken Word Programming Requirement Except as otherwise provided pursuant to a condition of its licence, an FM licensee shall devote at least 15% of each broadcast week to spoken word content. ("Spoken word content" means any broadcast matter that falls within content Category 1.) 5. Advertising The amount of advertising (Category 5) broadcast by commercial FM broadcasters is limited to no more than 15% (maximum 1,134 minutes) of the broadcast week. 6. Station Formats There are three formats which are defined as follows: GROUP I: Pop, Rock and Dance , The language of broadcast of the station is English or French, at least 50% of the broadcast week is devoted to music, and at least 70% of the music broadcast is from Subcategory 21 (Pop, Rock and Dance). GROUP II: Country , The language of broadcast of the station is English or French, at least 50% of the broadcast week is devoted to music and at least 70% of the music broadcast is from Subcategory 22 (Country). GROUP III: Specialty , Any station other than one operating in Group I or II. (Examples would include stations specialising in Ethnic programming, News or Talk programming, Traditional and Special Interest music programming or a combination of a number of kinds of special programming.) Group III stations will be expected to outline their music proposals in a schedule to be appended to the Promise of Performance. 7. Music Use Indicators a) Vocal/Instrumental Ratio i) Definition , An instrumental selection is a musical selection in which there are either no lyrics or in which the only lyrics consist of a short phrase that is used once or repeated several times. All other selections are considered "vocal". ii) Level Of Instrumental Music , Applicants make commitments to operate their stations within one of three categories related to the percentage of instrumental selections played: - less than 35% of all musical selections played each broadcast week are instrumental, - 35% up to, but not including, 50% of all musical selections played each broadcast week are instrumental, - 50% or more of all musical selections played each broadcast week are instrumental. Different levels of Canadian content are specified depending on the level of instrumentals to which a station has committed. These levels are specified in Section 8 of this document (Canadian Music). b) Hits
i) Definition, A "hit" is any musical selection that has reached any of the top 40 positions on one or more of the following charts: The Record Retail Hits, The Record Country, RPM 100 Country Tracks, Billboard Hot 100 Singles and Billboard Hot Country. [In the past, the RPM 100 Singles chart (until September 3, 1988) and the RPM Retail Singles Chart (from September 10, 1988 until March 1990) were also used to determine "hits".] However, Canadian selections that enter the Top 40 will be considered as non-hits for one year from the date they first enter the Top 40. In addition, selections heard during a live broadcast or a live performance recorded primarily for broadcast use are not counted as hits in the Commission's calculations. The latest charts used to determine hit factors will be those contained in publications dated two Saturdays before the date of broadcast. ii) Guideline, FM stations must maintain the level of hits below 50% of all musical selections (Categories 2 and 3) played each broadcast week. [Note: This guideline does not apply to stations whose principal language of broadcasting is French.] c) Maximum Repeat Factor
i) Definition , The repeat factor is the number of times a musical selection (Categories 2 or 3) is repeated in the course of a broadcast week. ii) Guideline , FM stations may repeat non-Canadian musical selections up to 18 times during a broadcast week. There is no limit on the number of times Canadian selections may be repeated. [Note: This guideline does not apply to stations whose principal language of broadcasting is French.] d) Weekly Music List i) Definition , The weekly music list size is the number of different musical selections (Categories 2 and 3), not counting repeated selections, played during a broadcast week. ii) Guideline , FM stations must ensure that at least 850 different musical selections are played during a broadcast week. [Note: This guideline does not apply to stations whose principal language of broadcasting is French.] e) Language Of Vocal Music
Stations whose principle language is French must ensure that at least 65% of popular vocal musical selections (Category 2) played each broadcast week are in the French language. French language vocal music should be reasonably distributed throughout the day and week. French-language broadcasters are encouraged to achieve a 50% level of Canadian content for French-language popular music selections. 8. Canadian Content Requirements For Music
a) Definition A musical selection is a Canadian selection where it i) fulfils two or more of the conditions set out below; ii) is an instrumental performance of a musical composition that was composed by a Canadian or the lyrics were written by a Canadian; or iii) is a performance of a musical composition composed by a Canadian for instruments only. The conditions referred to in i) above are the following: - the music or lyrics are performed principally by a Canadian; - the music is composed by a Canadian; - the lyrics are written by a Canadian; and - the musical selection consists of a live performance that is . recorded wholly in Canada, or . performed wholly in Canada and broadcast live in Canada. b) Levels Of Canadian Music i) Selections Composed or With Lyrics By Canadians , Unless the station has a Condition of Licence stating otherwise, at least 5% of all musical selections (Categories 2 and 3) broadcast during a broadcast week must satisfy at least one of the following two conditions: - the music is composed by a Canadian, - the lyrics are written by a Canadian. ii) Music-General (Category 2) , All FM stations must ensure that at least 30% of the Category 2 music selections broadcast during each broadcast week are Canadian, unless they have a Condition of Licence stating otherwise. These selections must be distributed in a reasonable manner throughout each broadcast day. [Interpretive Note: In the FM Policy, the Commission indicated that lower levels of Canadian selections would be appropriate for stations programming a high level of instrumental selections. The following levels were set out as guidelines: - Instrumental level less than 35%: Conditions of licence allowing Category 2 Canadian content of less than 30% per broadcast week will not generally be approved. - Instrumental level of 35% up to but not including 50%: Canadian content of at least 20% per broadcast week. - Instrumental level of 50% or more: Canadian content level of at least 15% per broadcast week. Please note that instrumental-based stations must apply for special Conditions of Licence if they wish to program levels of Canadian music lower than those permitted by Regulation.] To ensure a reasonable distribution of Canadian selections throughout the broadcast day and week, the Commission expects: - at least 25% of popular music selections broadcast between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m. Monday through Friday be Canadian, - Canadian selections receive reasonably even distribution throughout these dayparts and throughout the broadcast week, - a significant presence of Canadian music in high audience periods, these traditionally being the morning and afternoon drive periods, - French-language broadcasters achieve at least a 50% level of Canadian content for French-language music selections each broadcast week. iii) Music-Traditional and Special Interest (Category 3) , All stations must ensure that at least 10% of Category 3 music broadcast each broadcast week is Canadian, unless they have a Condition of Licence stating otherwise. Canadian selections must be distributed in a reasonable manner throughout each broadcast day. iv) Levels Of Canadian Music During Ethnic Program Periods , If a station achieves a level of Canadian music of 7% or more during ethnic program periods (Ethnic programs of Types A, B, C, and D as defined in Section 9), these ethnic program periods will not be taken into account when measuring compliance with requirements for Canadian content for Categories 2 and 3 music. 9. Ethnic Programs
a) Definitions Of Ethnic Program Types There are five types of ethnic programs: TYPE A: A program the spoken word content and production content of which are in a language other than French, English or a language of the aboriginal peoples of Canada. TYPE B: A program the spoken word content and production content of which are in French or English and that is directed toward a distinct ethnic group the mother tongue or common language of which in its country of origin is French or English. TYPE C: A program the spoken word content and production content of which are in French or English and that is directed toward a distinct ethnic group the mother tongue of which is included in Type A. TYPE D: A bilingual program the spoken word content and production content of which are in French or English as well as a language other than French, English or a language of the aboriginal peoples of Canada and that is directed toward a distinct ethnic group. TYPE E: A program the spoken word content and production content of which are in French or English and that is directed toward ethnic groups or the general public and that depicts Canada's cultural diversity through services that are multicultural, cross-cultural or inter-cultural. b) Levels Of Ethnic Programs Any station may devote up to 15% of its broadcast week to Ethnic programs of Types A, B, C, and D without authorisation from the Commission. A station may devote up to 40% of the broadcast week to ethnic programs of Types A, B, C, and D if authorised by a condition of licence. The Commission also licenses ethnic stations which specialise in ethnic broadcasting. These stations must devote not less than 60% of the broadcast week to ethnic programs of Types A, B, C, and D. The Commission's policy for ethnic radio is set out in Public Notice CRTC 1985-139 "A Broadcasting Policy Reflecting Canada's Linguistic and Cultural Diversity". Applicants for ethnic stations should consult this document. 10. Network And Syndicated Programs
FM stations are required to log acquired programs broadcast according to type (network or syndicated) and origin (Canadian or foreign). a) Definitions Network Program , A network program is characterised by the presence of at least one of the following criteria: i) Reserved Time Agreement , A program is a network program if the broadcaster, as a condition of the acquisition of the program, is required to broadcast the program at a specified time or within specified time frames. The agreement to schedule the program may be a formal, written agreement or an informal, unwritten agreement. Reserved time may exist whether the programming is distributed live, by tape, or is tape-delayed. ii) Simultaneous Distribution of Live Programs , A program is a network program if the program involves the presentation of a live event, such as a sports event or a live concert, which is received and broadcast by the station simultaneously. In cases of tape delay, a program is considered to be live unless the time delay is equal to the duration of the actual program or one hour, whichever is less. A program is not considered to be a network program if the station and the program producer/distributor are owned by the same licensee. Syndicated Program , An acquired program is considered to be a syndicated program when it is produced by an entity other than the station but there is no requirement for the broadcaster to schedule it at a specified time or within a specified time frame and when the program does not involve the simultaneous reception and broadcast of a live event. Canadian Acquired Program i) Music Programs , A music program is a program that deals primarily with music and contains one or more musical selections as described in Categories 2 and 3. To be considered Canadian, a music program must earn a minimum of five points based on the following criteria: Points Total Canadian Producer or 2 Canadian Co-Producer 1 Canadian Writer or 2 Canadian Co-Writer 1 Canadian Recording Facility 1 Canadian Host or Hostess 1 Canadian Musical Content 2 if the musical content satisfies the applicable conditions below: - a minimum of 30% of the Category 2 musical selections are Canadian (where the percentage of instrumental selections in the program is less than 35%); - a minimum of 20% of the Category 2 musical selections are Canadian (where the percentage of instrumental selections in the program is between 35% and less than 50%); - a minimum of 15% of the Category 2 musical selections are Canadian (where the percentage of instrumental selections in the program is 50% or more); - a minimum of 10% of the Category 3 musical selections are Canadian; - a minimum of 7% of the musical selections in Ethnic music programs (Categories 2 or 3) are Canadian. ii) Spoken Word Programs , A spoken word program is a program that deals primarily with the spoken word and contains no musical selections as described in Categories 2 and 3. To be considered Canadian, a spoken word program must earn a minimum of four points based on the following criteria: Points Total Canadian Producer or 2 Canadian Co-Producer 1 Canadian Writer or 2 Canadian Co-Writer 1 Canadian Recording Facility 1 Canadian Host or Hostess 1 Definitions Producer: The producer is the individual who has financial and creative control of the original audio production from beginning to end. Co-Producer: In a program involving no producer but more than one co- producer, at least half of the individuals sharing the responsibility for the production must be Canadian for the program to obtain a co- producer credit. Moreover, at least one of the individuals qualifying for the co-producer credit must have financial or creative control of the original audio production from beginning to end. If all of the co- producers are Canadian, the program will qualify for two points. Writer: The writer is the individual who creates the original story script or dialogue for the audio program. Co-Writer: In a program involving no writer but more than one co- writer, at least half of the individuals sharing the responsibility for the writing must be Canadian for the program to obtain a co-writer credit. If all of the co-writers are Canadian, the program will qualify for two points. Host or Hostess: To obtain this credit, all individuals sharing the duties of host or hostess must be Canadian. Recording Facility: To obtain this credit, the program must be wholly produced in a recording facility situated in Canada. Canadian Music: Canadian musical selections are those that meet the criteria described in Section 8 a) of this document (Definition of a Canadian musical selection). b) Canadian Acquired Programming Incentive Advertising (Content Category 5) broadcast within a Canadian acquired program is not counted for the purpose of calculating an FM station's commercial content, to a maximum of 60 minutes per broadcast week. To obtain this dispensation, a station must identify such programs on its program logs as "CAP". A Canadian acquired program will qualify for this incentive provided it is aired by at least one licensee that is not associated with the company or licensee that produced the program. The onus will be on the licensee, upon request by the Commission, to demonstrate that the program qualifies for the incentive. 11. Canadian Talent Development Applicants make commitments for direct expenses for the development of Canadian talent. Direct costs are those which are totally incremental to the initiative under consideration, i.e. only those costs which are directly attributable to the initiative and which, if the initiative had not been undertaken, would not have been incurred. A chart giving examples of initiatives for Canadian talent development that are generally accepted by the Commission can be found in the appendix to this document. 12. New Uncharted Canadian Music A new Canadian artist is generally considered to be a Canadian artist who has never had a record placing on a national or international chart. 13. Community Access Programming Community access programming is broadcast material conceived, performed and produced by local individuals and groups which is primarily intended for, and oriented to, the concerns and interests of the local community. It does not include programs of music unless locally recorded principally for broadcast use or religious services. 14. Types Of FM Licences CBC FM STATIONS , These are stations owned and operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (Those completing licence applications for CBC FM stations should consult the last renewal decision for the CBC radio networks.) COMMERCIAL FM STATIONS , These stations are operated on a "for profit basis" and have no limits on commercial activities beyond those set out in the Commission's FM Policy and the Radio Regulations. (The Commission's programming policy for Commercial FM Stations is set out in Public Notices CRTC 1990-111 "An FM Policy for the Nineties" and 1991-19.) SPECIAL FM STATIONS , A special FM licence is an FM licence, other than a CBC FM licence, where the number, duration or kind of commercial messages that may be broadcast is restricted by a condition of licence. There are six kinds of Special FM stations: COMMUNITY: This station is characterised by its ownership, programming and market it is called to serve. It is owned or controlled by a non- profit organisation whose structure provides for membership, management, operation and programming primarily by members of the community at large. A special FM licence for community radio is a Type A licence if, at the time the licence is issued or renewed, another AM or FM radio licence to operate a station, in the same language, in all or any part of the same market is in force. A special FM licence for community radio is a Type B licence if, at the time the licence is issued or renewed, at least one other AM or FM radio licence to operate a station, in the same language, in all or any part of the same market is in force. (The Commission's programming policy for community radio is set out in Public Notice CRTC 1985-194 "The Review of Community Radio".) NATIVE UNDERTAKING: This undertaking is characterised by its ownership, programming and target audience. It is owned and controlled by a non-profit organisation whose structure provides for board membership by the native population of the region served. Its programming can be in any native Canadian language or in either or both of the two official languages, but should be specifically oriented to the native population and reflect the interests and needs specific to the native audience it is licensed to serve. It has a distinct role in fostering the development of aboriginal culture and, where possible, the preservation of ancestral languages. A native radio station is a Type A station, if at the time the licence is issued or renewed, no other commercial AM or FM radio licence to operate a station in all or any part of the same market is in force. A native radio station is a Type B station if, at the time the licence is issued or renewed, at least one other commercial AM or FM radio licence to operate a station in all or any part of the same market is in force. (The Commission's programming policy for native stations is set out in Public Notice CRTC 1990-89 "Native Broadcasting Policy".) PROVINCIAL EDUCATIONAL: This is a station controlled by an "independent corporation", as defined in the Direction to the CRTC (Ineligibility to Hold Broadcasting Licences) issued as Order-in- Council P.C. 1985-2108, and which broadcasts primarily educational programming as described in the Direction. (The Commission's programming policy for Provincial Educational stations is set out in Public Notice CRTC 1988-78 "Educational and Institutional Radio -- Adoption of the Proposed Policy".) STUDENT: This is a station which is owned or controlled by a non- profit organisation and has a structure providing for membership, direction, management, operation and programming primarily by students of the institution of post-secondary education with which it is associated. (The Commission's programming policy for student stations is set out primarily in Decision CRTC 75-247 (Carleton University/University of Manitoba). It is also recommended that those completing a Promise of Performance for a student station consult recent Commission decisions for such stations. Examples are Decisions CRTC 89-834 (University of Ottawa), 90-217 (Saint Mary's University), and 90-644 and 644-1 (Universite de Montreal). Advertising on student stations is discussed in Public Notices CRTC 83-43 "Policy statement on the Review of Radio" and 1985-194 "The Review of Community Radio". INSTITUTIONAL: This is a station other than a provincial educational station or a student station, which is owned or controlled by a non- profit organisation associated with an institution of post-secondary education. (The Commission's programming policy for Institutional stations is set out in Public Notice CRTC 1988-78 "Educational and Institutional Radio -- Adoption of the Proposed Policy".) OTHER SPECIAL: This is a station owned or controlled by a non-profit organisation that is not a Community, Native, Provincial Educational, Student or Institutional station. (The Commission's programming policy for "Other Special" stations is set out in Public Notice CRTC 1988-78 "Educational and Institutional Radio -- Adoption of the Proposed Policy".) APPENDIX Canadian Talent Development Initiatives Generally Accepted by the Commission Type of Initiative Generally Accepted - Direct Other Initiatives Costs PROGRAM - Station-produced - Interviews concert, drama, etc. - Artist features - Poetry, drama - Historical, other Canadian features - Canadian countdown - Album sweeps PROMOTION - Artists, concerts and new recordings TALENT CONTEST - Concert - Promotion - Record production - Video production - Recording time - Prizes CONCERT - Musician and staff pay - Promotion - Hall rental - Interviews - Recording for airplay RECORD or - Studio time - Use of station VIDEO-PRODUCTION - Musicians' fees studio - Production costs - Record pressing - Record distribution SCHOLARSHIP and GRANT - Cash donation INDUSTRY TALENT - Cash donation ORGANISATION* GRANT to LOCAL ARTS - Cash donation - Promotion ASSOCIATION USE of STUDIO FACILITIES - Audio tape for artist - Time in studio SEMINAR - Hall rental - Promotion - Guest speakers * e.g. MusicAction, FACTOR, Videofact, Country Talent Development Foundation, Alberta Music Project, etc.